Military Registration and Conscientious Objection
The U.S. government requires almost all male U.S. citizens, and male
aliens living in the U.S., who are 18 through 25, to register with Selective
Service. Details are on the Selective Service System web site at http://www.sss.gov,
including the exceptions to registration.
A direct link to register is at http://www.sss.gov/Processing/Processing.aspx?Function=R
After he registers, a man is required to notify Selective Service within
ten days of any changes to any of the information he provided on his registration
card, like a change of address. He must report changes until January 1
of the year he turns 26. He may do this by using the on-line "change of
address" page on this Web site at https://www.sss.gov/Processing/Processing.aspx?Function=A,
or by completing a change of address form (SSS Form 2) at the post office,
or by calling 1-847-688-6888.
Conscientious Objection
A conscientious objector is one who is opposed to serving in the armed
forces and/or to bearing arms on the grounds of moral or religious principles.
Perhaps best known in this category are members of the "historic peace
churches": Mennonites and Brethren in Christ, Quakers/Friends, and Church
of the Brethren.
Beliefs which qualify a registrant for CO status may be religious in
nature, but don't have to be. Beliefs may be moral or ethical; however,
a man's reasons for not wanting to participate in a war must not be based
on politics, expediency, or self-interest. In general, the man's lifestyle
prior to making his claim must reflect his current claims.
The standard has been twice determined by the US Supreme Court to include:
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"The beliefs professed by a registrant are sincerely held and whether they
are, in his own scheme of things, religious." US v. Seeger, 380 US 163 (1965)
The issue was that these men's beliefs were independent of any "religious
training."
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If a person's beliefs function as a religion or in the role religion would
occupy in others' lives. For example, this is where "secular humanism"
has been included as being equivalent to religion in forming a basis for
ordering one's life. Welsh v. US, 398 US 333 (1970)
A registrant making a claim for Conscientious Objection may provide written
documentation or include personal appearances by people he knows who can
attest to his claims. His written statement might explain:
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how he arrived at his beliefs; and
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the influence his beliefs have had on how he lives his life.
If you are a CO, you might want to consider answering the CO questions
Selective Service used to ask, and sending those in when you register.
Because there is no draft currently, they'll send it back, but it's still
a good exercise for thinking through the issues, both for men and women.
I filed mine later in life, and my sons have also done theirs as they reached draft registration
age. I have urged my daughters to do the same. You might also wish to place
a copy of your CO statement on file with your church or other organization.
The questions Selective Service used to ask when there was a draft are:
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Describe your beliefs which are the reasons for your claiming conscientious
objection to combatant military training and service or to all military
training and service;
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Describe how and when you acquired these beliefs. Your answers may include
such information as the influence of family members or other persons; training,
if applicable; your personal experiences; membership in organizations;
books and readings which influenced you;
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Explain what most clearly shows that your beliefs are deeply held. You
may wish to include a description of how your beliefs affect the way you
live.
The third question might well be phrased "If you were on trial for being
a Christian, would there be enough evidence to convict you?"
It has been suggested by some peace organizations that perhaps the burden
of proof should be the opposite:
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Describe your beliefs which are the reasons for your claiming to be able
to conscientiously participate in combatant military training and service
or in all military training and service;
-
Describe how and when you acquired these beliefs. Your answers may include
such information as the influence of family members or other persons; training,
if applicable; your personal experiences; membership in organizations;
books and readings which influenced you;
-
Explain what most clearly shows that your beliefs are deeply held. You
may wish to include a description of how your beliefs affect the way you
live.
One more aspect to this issue is that a substantial portion of the federal
income tax pays for past and present military expenses. Many who are opposed
to killing other human beings directly also object to paying others to
kill for them. At this point, there is no legal mechanism to recognize
the right to "conscientious objection" with regards to the federal income
tax, or any provision for "alternative service" for federal income tax
funds. The National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund (http://www.peacetaxfund.org)
is working to pass legislation that would provide a way for persons to
participate in the tax system without violating their conscientiously held
beliefs. Those choosing to direct that their tax payments only be used
for non-military purposes would need to meet the same standards for conscientious
objection as used by Selective Service. If you have prepared a CO statement
and placed it on file with some organization, this could serve as valuable
documentation if and when a Peace Tax Fund bill becomes law.